Pembrolizumab alone has activity against melanoma brain metastases, but effects when combined with brain RT have not been reported. #Marked safe facebook trialPembrolizumab treatment resulted in improved overall survival and less high-grade toxicity as compared to ipilimumab in a randomized controlled trial for metastatic melanoma, and has become increasingly used for treatment of metastatic melanoma. Importantly, PD-1 inhibition has been shown to be both safe and efficacious when delivered with brain RT for metastases from multiple cancers including melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. PD-1 blockade has been shown to have clinical efficacy in many tumors such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial bladder cancer, refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma and mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer. Its binding to PD-1 attenuates the function of the T-cells, and is one mechanism by which tumors evade immune surveillance. PD-L1 is expressed in both normal peripheral tissues as well as multiple human cancers. Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), which is expressed on T-cells and is bound by its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. Previous retrospective studies have shown SRS to be safe in combination with certain systemic therapies in melanoma, including ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) that enables T-cell activation and proliferation. Therefore, many patients with low number of melanoma brain metastases (MBM) undergo local therapy with either resection or radiation therapy (RT), typically in the form of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Importantly, patients with good performance status and low number of brain metastases were found to have improved prognosis, in the era prior to immunotherapy. Although brain metastases portend a grave prognosis, recent advances in systemic therapy and treatment with radiation therapy have led to improved outcomes. If you aren’t ready to delete Facebook altogether, I have a suggestion-why not delete the app and use Facebook in the browser only, and with privacy controls? This will help to at least wean you off the social network, if you are not quite ready to completely get rid of it.Brain metastases are a common occurrence in patients with metastatic melanoma, occurring in up to 60% of patients. However, this now comes with a large price tag-that cost is your privacy.” As Jake Moore, cybersecurity specialist at ESET says: “Facebook offers many reasons to use its platform offering huge amounts of information on whatever you are into. I get it-you’ve been using Facebook for years, you are on the social network to keep in contact with your family and friends. But Facebook says the loss of this tracking will impact its SMB advertisers.Įither way, a lot of people find this tracking pretty intrusive. Apple argues that transparency is key, and I’m inclined to agree. This is something that has sparked a battle between Facebook and Apple, the latter of which is about to launch an anti-tracking feature that spells the end of the identifier for advertisers ( IDFA). Facebook tracks you as you browse other apps and websitesĪs well as the data collection, Facebook tracks you as you visit other apps and websites.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |